The question is, when could they make it happen?” “But it was obvious to everybody that consumer grade radios based on transistors would be a good thing. “The military is buying all of these things they can get their hands on,” says Harold Wallace, a curator at the National Museum of American History. military, recognizing the transistors’ potential to improve everything from radars to rockets, quickly seized on the new technology-to such a degree, in fact, that several years went by before it was applied to consumer products. For this, all three would be awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. While the devices of the time relied primarily on the more delicate, energy-inefficient vacuum tube technology, the transistor, which used semiconductor materials to amplify electronic signals, allowed for products that were smaller, more durable, and more easily produced. It was in December 1947 that engineers John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley debuted the transistor effect, the building block for all modern electronic devices, at Bell Labs headquarters in Murray Hill, New Jersey. would have been in vain,” he wrote.Īmong the technologies to develop from this burst of wartime innovation was radar, wizardry that would eventually lead to the the transistor. The race between the Allies and the Axis powers to achieve technological and innovative advancements was what Churchill called the “Wizard War.” Without science and technology “all the prowess of the fighting airmen. As World War II gripped Europe, Winston Churchill knew that the conflict would be fought on two fronts-on the battlefield and in the scientific lab.
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